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<text id=90TT3033>
<title>
Nov. 12, 1990: Basic Rites
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Nov. 12, 1990 Ready For War
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BOOKS, Page 96
Basic Rites
</hdr>
<body>
<qt>
<l>UNDER GOD: RELIGION AND AMERICAN POLITICS </l>
<l>by Garry Wills </l>
<l>Simon & Schuster; 445 pages; $24.95</l>
</qt>
<p> Garry Wills has carved out a substantial career as a social
critic by cutting against the ideological grain. Conservatives
find him too liberal, and liberals complain that he is too
conservative. Similarly, scholars think of Wills as a
journalist, and journalists often feel that his work is
unnecessarily academic.
</p>
<p> Under God should displease everyone, except millions of
churchgoing Americans who do not have to read the book because
they already know what Wills takes more than 400 pages to point
out: the U.S. remains an avidly religious nation.
</p>
<p> Wills directs his argument at secular intellectuals who have
focused on the decline of Establishment theologies and
overlooked the rise of Fundamentalist Christian sects. Knowing
the nonbeliever's weakness for social-science data, he begins
by preaching the gospel according to George Gallup. Nine
Americans in 10 say they have never doubted the existence of
God. Eight in 10 fear they will have to answer for their sins.
Life after death is a reality for 7 out of 10. More important,
Wills notes, Americans vote their religiosity. All candidates
must invoke the Deity or face rejection on Election Day. And
there are indications that the voters want more than lip
service. During the 1988 presidential campaign, two surprisingly
strong candidates, Pat Robertson and Jesse Jackson, were
ordained ministers.
</p>
<p> Even Wills' detours into history, biography, political
science and theology cannot obfuscate the obvious. Americans are
embracing evangelical religions because they feel spiritually
and morally adrift in a society that judges values on a slippery
curve of relativity. Secular intellectuals are also edgy,
although they are likely to call the sensation angst and seek
the blessings of a psychotherapist.
</p>
<p> Under God abounds in complexities and ironies, not the least
of which is how a nation founded on Christian values could
mandate a separation of church and state. Wills observes that
the American body politic routinely functions as if there were
no division. The proscription of a state religion does not
prevent Congress from starting its sessions with a prayer, or
the Treasury from printing "In God We Trust" on its currency.
The current abortion debate has been theologized, as reflected
in official church positions and the doctrinal straddles of
politicians.
</p>
<p> Separation, Wills concludes, is less important as a shield
against theocracy than as an assurance of religious freedom. "A
burden was lifted from religion," he says, "when it ceased to
depend on the breath of princes." From this perspective, the
huffings and puffings of evangelists do not sound too bad.
</p>
<p>By R.Z. Sheppard.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>